临床票据是记录患者信息的有效方法,但难以破译非专家的难以破译。自动简化医学文本可以使患者提供有关其健康的有价值的信息,同时节省临床医生。我们提出了一种基于词频率和语言建模的医学文本自动简化的新方法,基于富裕的外行术语的医疗本体。我们发布了一对公开可用的医疗句子的新数据集,并由临床医生简化了它们的版本。此外,我们定义了一种新颖的文本简化公制和评估框架,我们用于对我们对现有技术的方法进行大规模人类评估。我们基于在医学论坛数据上培训的语言模型的方法在保留语法和原始含义时产生更简单的句子,超越现有技术。
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The number of international benchmarking competitions is steadily increasing in various fields of machine learning (ML) research and practice. So far, however, little is known about the common practice as well as bottlenecks faced by the community in tackling the research questions posed. To shed light on the status quo of algorithm development in the specific field of biomedical imaging analysis, we designed an international survey that was issued to all participants of challenges conducted in conjunction with the IEEE ISBI 2021 and MICCAI 2021 conferences (80 competitions in total). The survey covered participants' expertise and working environments, their chosen strategies, as well as algorithm characteristics. A median of 72% challenge participants took part in the survey. According to our results, knowledge exchange was the primary incentive (70%) for participation, while the reception of prize money played only a minor role (16%). While a median of 80 working hours was spent on method development, a large portion of participants stated that they did not have enough time for method development (32%). 25% perceived the infrastructure to be a bottleneck. Overall, 94% of all solutions were deep learning-based. Of these, 84% were based on standard architectures. 43% of the respondents reported that the data samples (e.g., images) were too large to be processed at once. This was most commonly addressed by patch-based training (69%), downsampling (37%), and solving 3D analysis tasks as a series of 2D tasks. K-fold cross-validation on the training set was performed by only 37% of the participants and only 50% of the participants performed ensembling based on multiple identical models (61%) or heterogeneous models (39%). 48% of the respondents applied postprocessing steps.
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强化学习(RL)是一种机器学习范式,自主代理人通过与基础环境进行互动来学会做出最佳决策顺序。 RL引导的工作流在解开电子设计自动化问题中所证明的诺言鼓励硬件安全研究人员利用自动RL代理来解决特定领域的问题。从硬件安全性的角度来看,这种自主代理人可以在未知的对抗环境中产生最佳动作。另一方面,综合电路供应链的持续全球化迫使芯片制造成为离岸,不信任的实体,从而增加了对硬件安全性的担忧。此外,未知的对抗环境和增加的设计复杂性使后卫在检测攻击者(又称硬件木马)进行的微妙修改方面具有挑战性。在此简介中,我们概述了RL代理在检测硬件Trojans时的开发,这是最具挑战性的硬件安全问题之一。此外,我们概述了潜在的机会,并提出了应用RL解决硬件安全问题的挑战。
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在综合电路制造过程中插入的隐形硬件木马(HTS)可以绕过关键基础架构的安全性。尽管研究人员提出了许多检测HTS的技术,但存在一些局限性,包括:(i)成功率低,(ii)高算法复杂性,以及(iii)大量的测试模式。此外,先前检测技术最相关的缺点源于不正确的评估方法,即,他们假设对手会随机插入HTS。这种不适当的对抗性假设使检测技术能够声称高HT检测准确性,从而导致“错误的安全感”。不幸的是,据我们所知,尽管关于检测在制造过程中插入的HTS的研究多了十年,但仍未进行对HT检测技术进行系统评估的协调努力。在本文中,我们扮演着现实的对手的角色,并通过使用加固学习(RL)开发自动化,可扩展和实用的攻击框架,质疑HT检测技术的功效。损耗逃避了两个HT检测类别的八种检测技术,展示了其不可知论行为。与随机插入的HTS相比,消耗量达到$ 47 \ times $ $ $ 47 \ times $ and $ 211 \ times $的平均攻击成功率。我们通过评估从广泛使用的学术套房到较大的设计(例如开源MIPS和MOR1KX处理器)到AES和AE AE和GPS模块等较大的设计,从而证明了损耗的逃避能力。此外,我们通过两个案例研究(特权升级和杀死开关)对MOR1KX处理器展示了损耗生成的HTS的影响。我们设想我们的工作以及发布的HT基准和模型,促进了更好的HT检测技术的发展。
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在集成电路中插入硬件木马(HTS)是一个有害威胁。由于在罕见触发条件下激活HTS,因此使用随机逻辑模拟检测它们是不可行的。在这项工作中,我们设计了一个加固学习(RL)代理,该学习代理绕过指数搜索空间并返回最小的模式集,最有可能检测到HTS。各种基准测试的实验结果证明了我们的RL代理的功效和可扩展性,与国家相比,在维持或改善覆盖范围($ 95.75 \%$)的同时,所需的测试模式数量显着降低($ 169 \ times $)($ 169 \ times $)($ 169 \ times $)($ 169 \ times $)($ 95.75 \%$)。 - 艺术技术。
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